Post by CampGreyhound on Oct 3, 2010 10:11:08 GMT -5
What's in those Blood Tests?
by Suzanne Stack, D.V.M.
Blood Tests
When your veterinarian sends your Greyhound’s blood to a lab she/he is most commonly asking the lab to run a CBC (Complete Blood Count). This common analysis covers these items:
* RBC = Red Blood Cells
* Hgb = Hemoglobin
* PCV / HCT = Packed Cell Volume/Hematocrit
* WBC = White Blood Cells
* Platelets = Help to form blood clots to stop bleeding.
For a more in-depth look, usually to determine kidney/liver functions, your veterinarian may also ask for a “Chem Panel”. This will give them information about:
* T.P. = Total Protein Globulin
* Creatinine = A waste product filtered out of the blood by the kidneys.
* T4 = Thyroid level
If you don’t understand what your veterinarian has ordered, ask for details!
Greyhound blood work has enough differences from "other dog" blood work to sometimes make it deceivingly "normal" or "abnormal" if your veterinarian isn’t familiar with these differences. The salient differences are discussed below.
Greyhounds:
* RBC: 7.4 - 9.0
* Hgb: 19.0 - 21.5
* PCV: 55 - 65
Other Breeds:
* RBC: 5.5 - 8.5
* Hgb: 12.0 - 18.0
* PCV: 37 - 55
Greyhounds have significantly more red blood cells than other dog breeds. This elevates parameters for RBC, Hgb (hemoglobin), and PCV/HCT, and is the reason Greyhounds are so desirable as blood donors. Most veterinarians are aware of this difference.
Never accept a diagnosis of Polycythemia — a once-in-a-lifetime rare diagnosis of pathologic red blood cell overproduction — in a Greyhound.
Conversely, never interpret a Greyhound PCV in the 30’s - 40’s as being normal just because it is for other dogs. A Greyhound with a PCV in the 30’s - 40’s is an anemic Greyhound. Generally, a Greyhound PCV less than 50 is a red flag to check for Ehrlichia.
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WBC
* Greyhound: 3.5 - 6.5
* Other dog: 6.0 - 17.0
Other Greyhound CBC changes are less well known. The Greyhound’s normally low WBC has caused more than one healthy Greyhound to undergo a bone marrow biopsy in search of “cancer” or some other cause of the “low WBC.”
Top of Page
Platelets
* Greyhound: 80,000 - 200,000
* Other dog: 150,000 - 400,000
Likewise, Greyhound platelet numbers are lower on average than other dog breeds, which might be mistakenly interpreted as a problem. It is thought that Greyhound WBCs, platelets, and total protein may be lower to physiologically “make room” in the bloodstream for the increased red cell load.
Compounding these normally low WBC and platelet numbers is the fact that Ehrlichia, a common blood parasite of Greyhounds, can lower WBC and platelet counts. So if there is any doubt as to whether the WBC / platelet counts are normal, an Ehrlichia titer is always in order. The other classic changes with Ehrlichia are lowered PCV and elevated total protein. But bear in mind that every Greyhound will not have every change, and Ehrlichia Greyhounds can have normal CBCs.
Top of Page
T.P. & Globulin
* Greyhound TP: 4.5 - 6.0
* Other dog TP: 5.4 - 7.8
* Greyhound Globulin: 2.1 - 3.2
* Other dog Globulin: 2.8 - 4.2
Greyhound total proteins tend to run on the low end of normal — T.P.s in the 5.0’s and 6.0’s are the norm. While the albumin fraction of T.P. is the same as other dogs, the globulin component is lower.
Top of Page
Creatinine
* Greyhound: 0.8 - 1.6
* Other dogs: 0.0 - 1.0
Greyhound creatinines run higher than other breeds as a function of their large lean muscle mass. A study at the Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine found that 80% of retired racing Greyhounds they sampled had creatinine values above the standard reference range for “other dogs.” As a lone finding, an “elevated creatinine” is not indicative of impending kidney failure. If the BUN and urinalysis are normal, so is the “elevated” creatinine.
Top of Page
T4 (Thyroid)
* Greyhound: 0.5 - 3.6 (mean 1.47 +/- 0.63)
* Other dogs: 1.52 - 3.60
These figures are from a University of Florida study of thyroid function in 221 Greyhounds — 97 racers, 99 broods, and 25 studs — so it included both racers and “retired.” While Greyhound thyroid levels are a whole chapter unto themselves, a good rule of thumb is that Greyhound T4s run about half that of other breeds.
Urinalysis
And lastly, the good news — Greyhound urinalysis levels are the same as other dog breeds. It is normal for males to have small to moderate amounts of bilirubin in the urine.
Medical Sources:
M.R. Herron, DVM, ACVS,
'Clinical Pathology of the Racing Greyhound', 1991.
C. Guillermo Couto, DVM, ACVIM,
'Managing Thrombocytopenia in Dogs & Cats', Veterinary Medicine, May 1999.
J.Steiss, DVM, W. Brewer, DVM, E.Welles, DVM, J. Wright, DVM,
'Hematologic & Serum Biochemical Reference Values in Retired Greyhounds',
Compendium on Continuing Education, March 2000.
M. Bloomberg, DVM, MS,
'Thyroid Function of the Racing Greyhound', University of Florida, 1987.
D. Bruyette, DVM, ACVIM,
Veterinary Information Network, 2001.
Print this information out for your veterinarian and yourself!
by Suzanne Stack, D.V.M.
Blood Tests
When your veterinarian sends your Greyhound’s blood to a lab she/he is most commonly asking the lab to run a CBC (Complete Blood Count). This common analysis covers these items:
* RBC = Red Blood Cells
* Hgb = Hemoglobin
* PCV / HCT = Packed Cell Volume/Hematocrit
* WBC = White Blood Cells
* Platelets = Help to form blood clots to stop bleeding.
For a more in-depth look, usually to determine kidney/liver functions, your veterinarian may also ask for a “Chem Panel”. This will give them information about:
* T.P. = Total Protein Globulin
* Creatinine = A waste product filtered out of the blood by the kidneys.
* T4 = Thyroid level
If you don’t understand what your veterinarian has ordered, ask for details!
Greyhound blood work has enough differences from "other dog" blood work to sometimes make it deceivingly "normal" or "abnormal" if your veterinarian isn’t familiar with these differences. The salient differences are discussed below.
Greyhounds:
* RBC: 7.4 - 9.0
* Hgb: 19.0 - 21.5
* PCV: 55 - 65
Other Breeds:
* RBC: 5.5 - 8.5
* Hgb: 12.0 - 18.0
* PCV: 37 - 55
Greyhounds have significantly more red blood cells than other dog breeds. This elevates parameters for RBC, Hgb (hemoglobin), and PCV/HCT, and is the reason Greyhounds are so desirable as blood donors. Most veterinarians are aware of this difference.
Never accept a diagnosis of Polycythemia — a once-in-a-lifetime rare diagnosis of pathologic red blood cell overproduction — in a Greyhound.
Conversely, never interpret a Greyhound PCV in the 30’s - 40’s as being normal just because it is for other dogs. A Greyhound with a PCV in the 30’s - 40’s is an anemic Greyhound. Generally, a Greyhound PCV less than 50 is a red flag to check for Ehrlichia.
Top of Page
WBC
* Greyhound: 3.5 - 6.5
* Other dog: 6.0 - 17.0
Other Greyhound CBC changes are less well known. The Greyhound’s normally low WBC has caused more than one healthy Greyhound to undergo a bone marrow biopsy in search of “cancer” or some other cause of the “low WBC.”
Top of Page
Platelets
* Greyhound: 80,000 - 200,000
* Other dog: 150,000 - 400,000
Likewise, Greyhound platelet numbers are lower on average than other dog breeds, which might be mistakenly interpreted as a problem. It is thought that Greyhound WBCs, platelets, and total protein may be lower to physiologically “make room” in the bloodstream for the increased red cell load.
Compounding these normally low WBC and platelet numbers is the fact that Ehrlichia, a common blood parasite of Greyhounds, can lower WBC and platelet counts. So if there is any doubt as to whether the WBC / platelet counts are normal, an Ehrlichia titer is always in order. The other classic changes with Ehrlichia are lowered PCV and elevated total protein. But bear in mind that every Greyhound will not have every change, and Ehrlichia Greyhounds can have normal CBCs.
Top of Page
T.P. & Globulin
* Greyhound TP: 4.5 - 6.0
* Other dog TP: 5.4 - 7.8
* Greyhound Globulin: 2.1 - 3.2
* Other dog Globulin: 2.8 - 4.2
Greyhound total proteins tend to run on the low end of normal — T.P.s in the 5.0’s and 6.0’s are the norm. While the albumin fraction of T.P. is the same as other dogs, the globulin component is lower.
Top of Page
Creatinine
* Greyhound: 0.8 - 1.6
* Other dogs: 0.0 - 1.0
Greyhound creatinines run higher than other breeds as a function of their large lean muscle mass. A study at the Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine found that 80% of retired racing Greyhounds they sampled had creatinine values above the standard reference range for “other dogs.” As a lone finding, an “elevated creatinine” is not indicative of impending kidney failure. If the BUN and urinalysis are normal, so is the “elevated” creatinine.
Top of Page
T4 (Thyroid)
* Greyhound: 0.5 - 3.6 (mean 1.47 +/- 0.63)
* Other dogs: 1.52 - 3.60
These figures are from a University of Florida study of thyroid function in 221 Greyhounds — 97 racers, 99 broods, and 25 studs — so it included both racers and “retired.” While Greyhound thyroid levels are a whole chapter unto themselves, a good rule of thumb is that Greyhound T4s run about half that of other breeds.
Urinalysis
And lastly, the good news — Greyhound urinalysis levels are the same as other dog breeds. It is normal for males to have small to moderate amounts of bilirubin in the urine.
Medical Sources:
M.R. Herron, DVM, ACVS,
'Clinical Pathology of the Racing Greyhound', 1991.
C. Guillermo Couto, DVM, ACVIM,
'Managing Thrombocytopenia in Dogs & Cats', Veterinary Medicine, May 1999.
J.Steiss, DVM, W. Brewer, DVM, E.Welles, DVM, J. Wright, DVM,
'Hematologic & Serum Biochemical Reference Values in Retired Greyhounds',
Compendium on Continuing Education, March 2000.
M. Bloomberg, DVM, MS,
'Thyroid Function of the Racing Greyhound', University of Florida, 1987.
D. Bruyette, DVM, ACVIM,
Veterinary Information Network, 2001.
Print this information out for your veterinarian and yourself!